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Semigroup Theory - MAT00110H

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  • Department: Mathematics
  • Credit value: 20 credits
  • Credit level: H
  • Academic year of delivery: 2026-27

Module summary

An introduction to the algebraic theory of semigroups. We develop algebraic techniques
that do not require the existence of inverses, and apply these to natural examples.

Related modules

Pre-requisite modules

Prohibited combinations

Additional information

You cannot take both H and M-level versions of this module.

M-level to have four extra lectures and one extra seminar.

Recommended co-requisite: Groups, Actions & Galois Theory MAT00099H

Module will run

Occurrence Teaching period
A Semester 2 2026-27

Module aims

An introduction to the algebraic theory of semigroups. Here we see techniques developed that do not require the existence of inverses, and apply these to natural examples.

Module learning outcomes

At the end of the module students should be familiar with and able to handle the
following.
1. The basic ideas of the semigroup theory, including Green’s relations.
2. The importance of natural examples, such as full transformation semigroups
and free semigroups.
3. The differences and similarities between the theories of semigroups, inverse
semigroups, and groups.
4. Students should also have an appreciation of the place of semigroup theory in
mathematics.

Module content

Examples of semigroups and monoids.
Semigroups, ideals, homomorphisms and congruences.
Green's relations, regular D-classes, Green's theorem that any H-class
containing an idempotent is a subgroup.
Free semigroups and free bands.
Finite semigroups, regular languages and automata.

Regular and inverse semigroups.
Representations of semigroups by actions or linear actions.

Indicative assessment

Task % of module mark
Closed/in-person Exam (Centrally scheduled) 100.0

Special assessment rules

None

Indicative reassessment

Task % of module mark
Closed/in-person Exam (Centrally scheduled) 100.0

Module feedback

Current Department policy on feedback is available in the student handbook. Coursework
and examinations will be marked and returned in accordance with this policy.

The feedback will be focussed on the formative coursework handed in during the module.
In line with current Departmental policy, there will be 4 pieces. The coursework will be
different for the H-level and M-level versions of the module.

Indicative reading

A.J. Cain, Nine Chapters on the Semigroup Art,
https://archive.org/details/cain_semigroups_ebook
B.J. Everitt, The sympathetic sceptics guide to semigroup representations, Expo.
Math. 39(2) (2021), 197-237.
J M Howie, Fundamentals of Semigroup Theory, Oxford: Clarendon Press (S 2.86
HOW)
O. Ganyushkin, V. Mazorchuk, Classical finite transformation semigroups, Algebra and
its Applications, Springer.



The information on this page is indicative of the module that is currently on offer. The University constantly explores ways to enhance and improve its degree programmes and therefore reserves the right to make variations to the content and method of delivery of modules, and to discontinue modules, if such action is reasonably considered to be necessary. In some instances it may be appropriate for the University to notify and consult with affected students about module changes in accordance with the University's policy on the Approval of Modifications to Existing Taught Programmes of Study.