Skip to content Accessibility statement

Life in the pits: scientists identify the key enzyme behind BO

News

Posted on Monday 27 July 2020

Scientists have discovered a unique enzyme responsible for the pungent characteristic smell we call body odour or BO.

Researchers from the University of York have previously shown that only a few bacteria in your armpit are the real culprits behind BO. Now the same team, in collaboration with Unilever scientists, has gone a step further to discover a unique “BO enzyme” found only within these bacteria and responsible for the characteristic armpit odour.

This new research highlights how particular bacteria have evolved a specialised enzyme to produce some of the key molecules we recognise as BO.

Key advancement

Co-first author, Dr Michelle Rudden from the group of Prof. Gavin Thomas in the University of York’s Department of Biology, said: “Solving the structure of this ‘BO enzyme’ has allowed us to pinpoint the molecular step inside certain bacteria that makes the odour molecules. This is a key advancement in understanding how body odour works, and will enable the development of targeted inhibitors that stop BO production at source without disrupting the armpit microbiome.”

Your armpit hosts a diverse community of bacteria that is part of your natural skin microbiome. This research highlights Staphylococcus hominis as one of the main microbes behind body odour.

Ancestral primates

The researchers say that this “BO enzyme” was present in S. hominis long before the emergence of Homo sapiens as a species, suggesting that body odour existed prior to the evolution of modern humans, and may have had an important role in societal communication among ancestral primates.

This research represents an important discovery for Unilever R&D, made possible by its long-standing academic-industry collaboration with the University of York. Unilever co-author Dr Gordon James said: “This research was a real eye-opener.  It was fascinating to discover that a key odour-forming enzyme exists in only a select few armpit bacteria – and evolved there tens of millions of years ago.”

Research newsletter

Our monthly research newsletter features a curated mix of news, events, and recent discoveries delivered straight to your inbox.

Sign up

Explore more news

News

1 September 2026

A powerful drilling rig is sailing to the UK to drill a four-kilometre geothermal well at the University of York, accelerating the city’s Net Zero ambitions.

News

1 September 2026

A lack of central oversight and shifting catering models in primary schools could be putting children’s dietary health at risk, according to new research led by the University of York.

News

27 August 2026

Why do we remember certain moments while forgetting others? Every day, our minds are bombarded with thousands of pieces of information, yet our brains have a limited capacity to consolidate these experiences into lasting memories. This means we need a way to hold on to what is most important, and disregard irrelevant details.

News

24 August 2026

Unexpected staff shortages in ambulance services are costing lives, with patients significantly more likely to die within 24 hours when ambulance workers are off sick, according to new research.

News

18 August 2026

Sir Michael Caine has lent his voice to a research project exploring how technology can help combat harmful deepfakes.

Read more news