Accessibility statement

Reports

Lorenc T, Sutcliffe K, Khouja C, Harden M, Rees R, Meskell P, O’Connell J, Hong Q N, Sowden A, Thomas J. Defensive healthcare practice: systematic review of qualitative studies and systems-based logic model. London: EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2023

Beresford L, Evans C, Bryan G, Fulbright H, Crowther S, Wakeling S, Stewart C, Stewart A, Chisholm JC, Gibson F, Shimmon K, Phillips B, Morgan JE. A systematic review of early phase studies for children and young people with relapsed and refractory rhabdomyosarcoma: the REFoRMS-SR project. Leicester: Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG); 2023

Quarterly scopes of the Long COVID literature: Systematic Reviews on Long COVID and RCTs on Long COVID treatments

Lester S, Khouja C, Khatwa M, Raine G, Rees R, Kwan I, Wright K, Sowden A, Thomas, J. Adult specialist services for victim-survivors of sexual violence and abuse: A systematic map of evidence. London: EPPI Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2022

Burchett H, Stansfield C, Macdowall W, Richardson M, Dick S, Dickson K, D’Souza P, Khouja C, Kwan I, Raine G, Sowden A, Sutcliffe K, Thomas, J. Digital interventions in alcohol and drug prevention, treatment and recovery: systematic maps of international research and interventions available in England. London: EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2022

Lorenc T, Raine G, Khouja C, Rees R, Hinds K, Wright K, Sowden A, Sutcliffe K, Thomas J. Inappropriate treatment at the end of life: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. London: EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2021

Walton M, Hodgson R, Eastwood A, Harden M, Anderson H, Leggett H, Scantlebury A, Storey J, Hassan T, Randall M, Hassan A, Williams J, Wade R. Management of sudden onset severe headache presenting to the Emergency Department: a systematic review and qualitative study (NIHR200486). York: Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York; 2021 Sudden onset severe headache final report (PDF , 1,841kb) 

Kneale D, Lorenc T, O’Mara-Eves A, Hong QN, Sutcliffe K, Sowden A, Thomas J. Precision public health – A critical review of the opportunities and obstacles. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2020

Rodgers M, Raine G, Harden M, Eastwood A. Regulating and inspecting integrated health and social care in the UK: Scoping the literature. Southampton: NIHR Health Services and Delivery Research Topic Report; 2020

Graham H, de Bell S, Flemming K, Sowden A, White P, Wright K. A systematic review of qualitative studies of older people’s experiences of everyday travel: project final report. Public Health Research Consortium. 2019 

Lester S, Lorenc T, Sutcliffe K, Khatwa M, Stansfield C, Sowden A, Thomas J. What helps to support people affected by Adverse Childhood Experiences? A Review of evidence. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2019

Brunton G, Kneale D, Sowden A, Sutcliffe K, Thomas J. Caffeinated energy drinks and effects in UK young people: A secondary analysis of population-level datasets. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2019

Evidence summary: Caffeinated energy drinks and children

Brunton G, Khouja C, Raine G, Stansfield C, Kwan I, Sowden A, Sutcliffe K, Thomas J. Caffeinated energy drink use and effects in young people: a rapid overview of systematic reviews. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2018

Richardson M, Khouja C, Sutcliffe K, Hinds K, Brunton G, Stansfield C, Thomas J. Self-care for minor ailments: systematic reviews of qualitative and quantitative research. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2018

Evidence summary: Self-care for minor ailments

Brunton G, Richardson M, Stokes G, Blanchard L, Burchett H, Khatwa M, Khouja C, Walker R, Sowden A, Thomas J. The effective, safe and appropriate use of anticoagulation medicines: a systematic overview of reviews. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2018

Lorenc T, Marshall D, Wright K, Sutcliffe K, Sowden A. Seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: evidence synthesis. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2018 

Evidence summary: Seasonal influenza vaccination of health care workers: evidence from a systematic review of qualitative research

Prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Lyme disease: an evidence map and four systematic reviews:

- Stokes G, Blanchard L, Sutcliffe K, Dickson K, Brunton G, Burchett H, Jones-Diette J, Hinds K, Khatwa M, Lorenc T, Khouja C, Walker R, Rojas-Garcia A, Rees R, Harden M, Stansfield C, Sowden A, Thomas J. A systematic evidence map of research on Lyme disease in humans. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2017.

- Lorenc T, Jones-Diette J, Blanchard L, Sutcliffe K, Stansfield C, Harden M, Sowden A, Thomas J. Incidence and surveillance of Lyme disease: systematic review and policy mapping. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2017.

- Brunton G, Sutcliffe K, Hinds K, Khatwa M, Burchett H, Dickson K, Rees R, Rojas-Garcia A, Stokes G, Harden M, Stansfield C, Sowden A, Thomas J. Stakeholder experiences of the diagnosis of Lyme disease: a systematic review. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2017.

- Sutcliffe K, Sowden A, Burchett H, Stansfield C, Harden M, Thomas J. Patient, clinician and researcher experiences of the treatment and management of Lyme disease: a systematic review. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2017.

- Richardson M, Khouja C, Walker R, Sutcliffe K, Stansfield C, Harden M, Sowden A, Thomas J. Prevention interventions for Lyme disease: a systematic review. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2017.

Lorenc T, Rodgers M, Rees R, Wright K, Melton H, Sowden A. Preventative co-ordinated low-level support for adults with high-functioning autism: systematic review and service mapping. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2016.

Evidence summary: support for adults with autism spectrum disorders without intellectual disability 

Llewellyn A, Simmonds M, Brunton G, Sowden A. Impact of antiretroviral therapy on liver disease progression and mortality in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C: Systematic review and meta-analysis. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, UCL Institute of Education, University College London; 2015.

Hodgson R, Biswas M, Morgan P. Value of Cochrane reviews to the UK: a value of implementation analysis. York: Centre for Health Economics; Centre for Reviews and Dissemination; University of York, 2015. 

Contributors to the Cochrane Collaboration and the Campbell Collaboration. Evidence from systematic reviews of research relevant to implementing the “wider public health” agenda. NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. August 2000 Wider public health report (PDF , 1,647kb)

CRD Reports

The contents of each should be considered in relation to the time of original publication as significant new research evidence is likely to have become available.

Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Frozen shoulder short report. York: University of York. 2012 Frozen shoulder short report (PDF , 148kb)

Acupuncture and other physical treatments for the relief of chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. CRD Report 40. 2012 CRD Report 40 (PDF , 4,313kb)

Population tobacco control interventions and their effects on social inequalities in smoking. CRD Report 39. 2008 CRD Report 39 (PDF , 2,935kb)

Systematic review of the effects of interventions for people bereaved by suicide. CRD Report 38. 2008 CRD Report 38 (PDF , 436kb)

Psychosocial interventions for non-professional carers of people with Parkinson's Disease: a scoping review. CRD Report 37. 2007 CRD Report 37 (PDF , 458kb)

Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of faecal occult blood tests (FOBT) used in screening for colorectal cancer: a systematic review. CRD Report 36. 2007 CRD Report 36 (PDF , 1,459kb)

The treatment and management of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) / myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) in adults and children: update of CRD Report 22. CRD Report 35. 2007 CRD Report 35 (PDF , 1,139kb)

Effective treatments for CFS/ME. CRD Report 35 Summary Report. 2006 CRD Report 35 Summary (PDF , 97kb)

Systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of self care support networks in health and social care. CRD Report 34. 2006 ‌

Parenteral oestrogens for prostate cancer: a systematic review of clinical effectiveness and dose response. CRD Report 33. 2006 CRD Report 33 (PDF , 828kb)

Systematic review of interventions to increase participation of cancer patients in randomised controlled trials. CRD Report 32. 2006 CRD Report 32 (PDF , 693kb)

Systematic review of barriers, modifiers and benefits involved in participation in cancer clinical trials. CRD Report 31. 2006 CRD Report 31 (PDF , 1,057kb)

Increasing patient participation in cancer trials. CRD Reports 31 & 32 Summary Report. 2006 CRD Report 31-32 Summary (PDF , 631kb)

The effects of psychosocial interventions in cancer and heart disease: a review of systematic reviews. CRD Report 30. 2005 CRD Report 30 (PDF , 1,206kb)

Diagnostic value of systematic prostate biopsy methods in the investigation for prostate cancer: a systematic review. CRD Report 29. 2005 CRD Report 29 (PDF , 1,085kb)

Systematic review of the clinical and cost effectiveness of ultrasound in screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns. CRD Report 28. 2005 CRD Report 28 (PDF , 876kb)

A systematic review of cancer waiting time audits. CRD Report 27. 2005 CRD Report 27 (PDF , 848kb)

Additional tables and figures

A systematic review of cancer waiting time audits. CRD Report 27 Summary Report. 2005 CRD Report 27 Summary (PDF , 589kb)

Predictors of delay in seeking medical help in patients with suspected heart attack, and interventions to reduce delay: A systematic review. CRD Report 26. 2004 CRD Report 26 (PDF , 1,055kb)

Scoping review of sabotage and/or tampering in the NHS. CRD Report 25. 2004 CRD Report 25 (PDF , 1,278kb)

Outcomes measurement in psychiatry: a critical review of outcomes measurement in psychiatric research and practice. CRD Report 24. 2003 CRD Report 24 (PDF , 962kb)

Access to the online evidence base: a survey of the Northern and Yorkshire region. CRD Report 23. 2003 CRD Report 23 (PDF , 503kb)

The effectiveness of interventions used in the treatment/management of chronic fatigue syndrome and/or myalgic encephalomyelitis in adults and children. CRD Report 22. 2002. CRD Report 22 (PDF , 1,127kb) (Erratum: p112 'Goudsmit 2000' should read 'Goudsmit 1996'. Baseline comparability of groups should be 'adequate'; VS should be 3.)

Scoping review of the effectiveness of mental health services. CRD Report 21. 2001 CRD Report 21 (PDF , 1,808kb)

Informed choice in maternity care: an evaluation of evidence based leaflets. CRD Report 20. 2001 CRD Report 20 (PDF , 3,708kb)

The longevity of dental restorations: a systematic review. CRD Report 19. 2001 CRD Report 19 (PDF , 3,887kb)

Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of the fluoridation of drinking water. CRD Report 18. 2000 CRD Report 18 (PDF , 6,368kb)

Therapeutic community effectiveness: a systematic international review of therapeutic community treatment for people with personality disorders and mentally disordered offenders. CRD Report 17. 1999 CRD Report 17 (PDF , 791kb)

Scoping review of literature on the health and care of mentally disordered offenders. CRD Report 16. 1999 CRD Report 16 (PDF , 1,312kb)

Systematic review of the international literature on the epidemiology of mentally disordered offenders. CRD Report 15. 1999 CRD Report 15 (PDF , 892kb)

Women and secure psychiatric services: a literature review. CRD Report 14. 1999 CRD Report 14 (PDF , 903kb)

Screening for ovarian cancer: a systematic review. CRD Report 13. 1998 CRD Report 13 (PDF , 1,099kb)

Screening for speech and language delay: a systematic review of the literature. CRD Report 12. Available from the HTA. See the HTA website for details.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions for managing childhood nocturnal enuresis. CRD Report 11. 1997 CRD Report 11 (PDF , 1,661kb)

Systematic review of interventions in the treatment and prevention of obesity. CRD Report 10. 1997 CRD Report 10 (PDF , 1,461kb)

Preschool vision screening: results of a systematic review. CRD Report 9. 1997 CRD Report 9 (PDF , 1,041kb)

Concentration and choice in the provision of hospital services. CRD Report 8. 1997. Summary Report

Part I: The relationship between hospital volume and quality of health outcomes. CRD Report 8.1 (PDF , 2,179kb)

Part II: The relationship between volume and the scope of activity and hospital costs. CRD Report 8.2 (PDF , 1,302kb)

Part III: The relationship between concentration, patient accessibility and utilisation of services. CRD Report 8.3 (PDF , 575kb)

A pilot study of 'Informed Choice' leaflets on positions in labour and routine ultrasound. CRD Report 7 (PDF , 584kb). 1996

Improving access to cost-effectiveness information for health care decision-making: the NHS Economic Evaluation Database (2nd Edition). CRD Report 6. 2001.

(Note: Superseded by the 2007 NHS EED handbook)

Ethnicity and health: reviews of literature and guidance for purchasers in the areas of cardiovascular disease, mental health and haemoglobinopathies. CRD Report 5 (PDF , 2,513kb). 1996

Undertaking systematic reviews of research on effectiveness: CRD's guidance for carrying out or commissioning reviews (2nd Edition). CRD Report 4. York: University of York. 2001. £12.50

(This edition is now out of print. Click here to access the new edition.)

Review of the research on the effectiveness of health service interventions to reduce variations in health. CRD Report 3 (PDF , 531kb). 1995

Relationship between volume and quality of health care: a review of the literature. CRD Report 2 (PDF , 280kb). 1995

Which way forward for the care of critically ill children? ‌1995

Books and chapters

2021

Riley RD, Phillippo D, Dias S. Network meta-analysis using IPD. In: Riley RD, Tierney JF, Stewart LA, editors. Individual participant data meta-analysis: a handbook for healthcare research. John Wiley & Sons; 2021. p. 347-73 

Riley RD, Tierney JF, Stewart LA. Individual participant data meta-analysis: a handbook for healthcare research: John Wiley & Sons; 2021 

2020

Kremer LC, Loeffen EA, Phillips BS. Evidence-based paediatric oncology. In: Caron HN, Biondi A, Boterberg T, Doz F, editors. Oxford Textbook of Cancer in Children. Oxford: OUP; 2020

van de Wetering M, Phillips BS. Supportive care during treatment. In: Caron HN, Biondi A, Boterberg T, Doz F, editors. Oxford Textbook of Cancer in Children. Oxford: OUP; 2020

Welton NJ, Jones HE, Dias S. Bayesian methods for meta-analysis. In: Lesaffre E, Baio G, Boulanger B, editors. Bayesian methods in pharmaceutical research. Chapman and Hall/CRC; 2020 p. 273-293

2018

Booth AM, Jones-Diette JS. Registering the review. In: Biondi-Zoccai G, editor. Diagnostic meta-analysis. Springer; 2018. p. 59-75

2016

Golder S, Wright K. Searching Evidence. In: Biondi-Zoccai G, editor. Umbrella Reviews: Evidence Synthesis with Overviews of Reviews and Meta-Epidemiologic Studies. Switzerland:  Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 95-106

2014

Booth A, Craig D. Designing and Registering the Review. In: Biondi-Zoccai G, editor. Network Meta-Analysis: Evidence Synthesis with Mixed Treatment Comparison. New York: Nova Science Publishers; 2014. p. 45-62

Golder S, Wright K. Searching for Evidence. In: Biondi-Zoccai G, editor. Network Meta-Analysis: Evidence Synthesis with Mixed Treatment Comparison. New York: Nova Science Publishers; 2014. p. 63-76

2012

Torgerson C, Hall J, Light K. Systematic reviews. In: Arthur J, Waring M, Coe R, Hedges LV, editors. Research methods and methodologies in eduction. London: Sage; 2012. p. 217-30

2011

Rudolf M, Dahly D, Phillips B, Levine R, Willis T. BERTIE: Babies and early years risk – trying to implement the evidence. National Obesity Observatory 2011

2010

Phillips B. Supportive Care: Physical Consequences of Cancer and its Therapies. Chapter 20 (with Rod Skinner). In Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2010

2009

Booth A. Introduction to Patient Preparation and Pharmacology for GI Tract Investigation. In: Nightingale J and Law R, editors.Gastrointestinal Tract Imaging. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2009

Dalton JE. Workplace Exercise and Physical Activity Interventions: Exploring the Potential Effectiveness. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag Dr Muller; 2009

Phillips B. Chapters 17-20. In: Bailey S and Skinner R, editors. Paediatric Haematology and Oncology. Oxford: OUP; 2009

2008

Stewart L. Chapter 19: Reviews of individual patient data. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.0 (updated February 2008). UK: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2008

2005

Drummond M, Nixon J, Wilson P. II. Results from a survey among United Kingdom decision-makers. In: Eberhardt S, Stoklossa C, Graf von der Schulenberg J-M, editors. EUROMET 2004: the influence of economic evaluation studies on health care decision-making. A European survey. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 2005

Hempel S. Content validity; criterion validity; ecological validity; validity. In: Davey G, Field F, editors. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology. London: Macmillan; 2005

Hempel S. Reliability. In: Miles J, Gilbert P, editors. A handbook of research methods in clinical and health psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005

Kleijnen J. How important is the biopsychosocial approach? Some examples from research. In: White P, editor. Biopsychosocial medicine. An integrated approach to understanding illness. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005

Ulmann P, Nixon J. Enhancing access to evidence on cost-effectiveness across Europe. In: Smith M, editors. Hospital HealthcareEurope (HHE). London: Campden Publishing; 2005

2003

Khan KS, Kunz R, Kleijnen J, Antes G, editors. Systematic reviews to support evidence-based medicine: how to review and apply findings of healthcare research. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press; 2003

Miles JNV, Hempel S. The Eysenck Personality Scales: the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised (EPQ-R) and the Eysenck Personality Profiler (EPP). In: Hersen M, editor. Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment (CHOPA). Volume 2: Personality and psychopathology assessment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2003. p99-107

Misso K, Glanville J. Finding the "best evidence" for cancer care. In: Williams C, Bramwell V, Bonfill X, Cuzick J, Forbes J, et al., editors. Evidence-based oncology. London: BMJ Books; 2003. p17-25

2002

Glanville J, Haines M, Auston I. Sources of information on clinical effectiveness and methods of dissemination. In: Haines A, Donald A, editors. Getting research findings into practice. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Publications; 2002. p19-28

Marteau T, Sowden AJ, Armstrong D. Implementing research findings into practice: beyond the information deficit model. In: Haines A, Donald A, editors. Getting research findings into practice. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Publications; 2002

Rowland N, Goss S. Counselling research and evaluation. In: Keithley J, Bond T, Marsh G, editors. Counselling in primary care. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002

2001

De Craen AJM, Lampe-Schoenmaeckers AJEM, Kleijnen J. Non-specific factors in randomized clinical trials: some methodological considerations. In: Peters D, editor. Understanding the placebo effect in complementary medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2001

2000

Cullum N, Majid M, O'Meara S, Sheldon S. Use of dressings: is there an evidence base? In: Boulton AJM, Connor H, Cavanagh PR, editors. The foot in diabetes. 3rd ed. Chichester: Wiley; 2000

Gilbody S, Sowden AJ. Systematic reviews in mental health In: Rowland N, Goss S, editors. Evidence based health care and psychological therapies in the NHS. London: Routledge; 2000

Hitiris T, Nixon J. Health care coordination and convergence across the member states of the European Union. In: Columbus F, editors. European economic and political issues, II. Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers; 2000

Rowland N, Goss S. Evidence based counselling and psychological therapies. London: Routledge; 2000

1999

Glanville J. Carrying out the literature search. In: Curren S, Williams CJ, editors. Clinical research in psychiatry: a practical guide.Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1999

Hittinger R, Glanville J, Cartwright J, Johnson S, Gregson D. Guide to sources. In: Lugon M, Secker-Walker J, editors. Clinical governance: making it happen. London: Royal Society of Medicine; 1999

Watt I, Entwistle V, Sowden AJ. Using guidelines to take evidence into practice. In: Hutchinson A, Baker R, editors. Guidelines in clinical practice. Oxford: Radcliffe; 1999

1998

Cullum N, Droogan J. Using research and the role of systematic reviews of the literature. In: Mulhall A, Le May A, editors. Bridging the research-practice gap. The dissemination and implementation of research in nursing. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone;1998

Glanville J, Haines M, Auston I. Sources of information on clinical effectiveness and methods of dissemination. In: Haines A, Donald A, editors. The implementation of research findings. London: BMJ Publications; 1998

Marteau T, Sowden A, Armstrong D. Implementing research findings into practice: beyond the information deficit model. In: Haines A, Donald A, editors. The implementation of research findings. London: BMJ Publications; 1998

Oliver S, Entwistle VA, Hodnett E. Roles for lay people in the implementation of health care research. In: Haines A, Donald A, editors. The implementation of research findings. London: BMJ Publishing; 1998

Sheldon TA, Guyatt G, Haines AP. Criteria for the implementation of research evidence in policy and practice. In: Haines A, Donald A, editors. The implementation of research findings. London: BMJ Publishing; 1998

Song F, Eastwood A, Gilbody S, Duley L. Publication related biases in systematic reviews. In: Stevens A, et al., editors. HTA methodological handbook. Sage Publications; 1998

Sowden AJ, Gilbody S. Systematic reviews. In: Rowland N, editor. Evidence based health care and psychological therapies in the NHS. London: Routledge; 1998

Sutton AJ, Abrams KR, Jones DR, Sheldon TA, Song F. Systematic review of randomised trials. In: Black N, Brazier J, Fitzpatrick R, Reeves B, editors. Health services research methods: a guide to best practice. London: BMJ Books; 1998

Wilson P. Promoting the use of research based knowledge in health care. In: Dyer E, editor. The NHS yearbook 1998. London: Medical Information Systems Ltd; 1998

1997

Aletras V, Jones A, Sheldon TA. Economies of scale and scope. In: Ferguson B, Sheldon T, Posnett J, editors. Concentration and choice in healthcare. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press; 1997

Dickson R, Droogan J, editors. Systematic reviews: examples for nursing. London: RCN Publishing Company; 1997

Ferguson B, Posnett J, Sheldon T, editors. Concentration and choice in healthcare. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press; 1997

Melville A, Song F. Managing primary breast cancer: a review of care. In: Dickson R, Droogan J, editors. Systematic reviews: examples for nursing. London: RCN Publishing; 1997

Sheldon TA, Maynard AK. Health economics - has it fulfilled its potential?. In: Chalmers I, Maynard AK, editors. Non-random reflections on health services research. London: BMA Publications; 1997

Sheldon T, Vanoli A. Providing research intelligence to the NHS: the role of the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. In: Towse A, editor. Guidelines for the economic evaluation of pharmaceuticals: can the UK learn from Australia and Canada?London: Office of Health Economics; 1997

Sowden AJ, Watt I, Sheldon TA. Volume of activity and healthcare quality: is there a link?. In: Ferguson B, Sheldon T, Posnett J, editors. Concentration and choice in healthcare. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press; 1997

Wilson P. Promoting the use of research based knowledge in health care. In: NHS fundholding and commissioning guide. Volume 2. London: Medical Information Systems Ltd; 1997

1996

Entwistle V, Watt IS. Postscript: media coverage of the death of child B. In: Marinker M, editor. Sense and sensibility in health care. London: BMJ Publishing; 1996

Entwistle V, Watt IS, Bradbury R, Pehl LJ. How did the media cover the child B case? In: Marinker M, editor. Sense and sensibility in health care. London: BMJ Publishing; 1996

Watt IS, Entwistle V. What are the implications of the child B case for the debate on health care policies. In: Marinker M, editor.Sense and sensibility in health care. London: BMJ Publishing; 1996

1995

Davey Smith G, Song F, Sheldon T. Cholesterol lowering and morality: the importance of considering initial level of risk. In: Dunnigan M, editor. The cholesterol controversy. London: BMJ Publications; 1995

Fullerton D, Holland J, Oakley A. Towards effective intervention: evaluating HIV preventions and sexual health interventions. In: Aggleton P, Davies P, Hart G, editors. AIDS: safety, sexuality and risk. London: Taylor & Francis; 1995

Holland J, Fullerton D. Establishing the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to prevent HIV: some trials and tribulations. In: Friedrich D, Heckmann W, editors. AIDS in Europe: the behavioural aspect. Conference report; 1994 September; Berlin, Germany. Berlin: Sigma; 1995. p. 183-90

Watt, I. Health needs of rural residents. In: Cox J, editor. Rural general practice in the United Kingdom. London: Royal College of General Practitioners; 1995

1994

Naji S, Sheldon T. The measurement of health outcomes. In: Russell I. Quality assurance in health care. Edinburgh: Royal Society of Edinburgh; 1994