emit hazardous UVC radiation at 254nm (when new and kept clean!)
Transilluminators
emit hazardous UVB radiation at 297 nm
particularly hazardous because they emit the radiation upwards whilst the researcher is looking down
one of the common applications for transilluminators involves the user leaning closely over the transilluminator to cut gels
measurements report time-to-exposure limit-values of about 40 seconds, showing the importance of taking precautions to prevent or reduce exposure
Outdoor work
outdoor work in the summer can lead to excessive UV exposure
UV-A and UV-B rays, unlike UV-C rays, are not filtered by air and therefore, on sunny days, can be of a sufficient intensity to cause skin and eye damage over a short period of time.
in high altitudes and the Arctic, where the atmosphere is thinner, the intensity of UV radiation will be considerably higher
snow and water reflect UV rays, increasing their effects further
workers should cover up or use a high factor sun cream
SPF factor indicates degree of protection: SPF of 4 reduces exposure to ¼, SPF of 10 reduces exposure to 1/10
head and neck of outdoor workers most likely areas to develop nonmelanoma skin cancer
Arc welding
adventitious UV is generated by arc welders and these areas must be well screened for unprotected workers
Printing and curing
other processes such as printing and curing use various UV wavelengths
Sunbeds for cosmetic tanning & the treatment of psoriasis
use predominantly UVA wavelengths but fast-tanning units use more UVB
excessive use is not recommended
people with sensitive skin types are advised not to use them
over use can lead to premature skin ageing and an increased risk of skin cancer
Disco lights - nickel/cobalt oxide glass (wood's glass)
emits UVA
only emit low levels of UVA radiation within acceptable limits
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