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Referencing styles - a Practical Guide

IEEE

IEEE referencing style

Used by: Computer Science, Electronic Engineering

Introduction to IEEE referencing style

The IEEE referencing style is specified by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and is used widely in electronics and related disciplines. Make sure to check your departments' specific guidance for any preferred formats.

IEEE is a numeric referencing style. In-text citations use the number of the reference(s) which is given in square brackets after the information, summary or quote:

A recent study [1] has demonstrated the effectiveness of...
The results presented here have also been confirmed elsewhere [2].

The reference list at the end of the document includes the full details of each source so the reader can find them themselves. Sources are listed in the order they first appear in the text. All references, except those ending with URLs, will end with a period, including those with a DOI.

Useful resources

Guidance for all source types

Questions about referencing?

Contact your Faculty Librarians if you have any questions about referencing.

Commonly used sources

Examples of reference list entries for key source types.

Use these examples alongside the information given in the 'Guidance for all source types' box.

Further sources

Examples of reference list entries for other source types.

Use these examples alongside the information given in the 'Guidance for all source types' box.