Description

This module examines visualisations of Jerusalem in the medieval West. We will begin by exploring the history and significance of key sites in Jerusalem itself (such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and the Mount of Olives), and consider the ways in which information regarding them was transmitted and visually translated in the West. The main part of the module will be devoted to analysing and comparing representations of Jerusalem and of the events that were believed to have taken place there.

We will examine the concepts and the symbolism which informed their creation, as well as exploring the cultural, religious, and political contexts of their making and use. In this way, we will assess the role of Jerusalem in the Western imagination, and the relationship between changing visualisations of the city and broader developments such as the crusades, pilgrimage and contemporary trends in theological study. The main focus will be on the Christian imagery of Jerusalem, but Jewish and Islamic traditions will also be considered.

Objectives

By the end of the module students should have acquired:

• an understanding of the history and significance of key sites in Jerusalem
• a detailed knowledge of the role of the earthly and heavenly Jerusalem in the medieval imagination
• familiarity with some of the key themes in Christian iconography
• an ability to use a wide range of sources (including maps, manuscripts, panel paintings, architecture)
• an understanding of the role of relics
• a critical understanding of notions of ‘copying’ and ‘translation’ in medieval art and architecture
• insights into medieval concepts of time and space

Preliminary Reading

• Colin Morris, The Sepulchre of Christ and the Medieval West: From the Beginning to 1600 (Oxford: 2005)
• Robert Ousterhout, “Architecture as Relic and the Construction of Sanctity: The Stones of the Holy Sepulchre,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 62 (2003), 4-23
• Paul D. A. Harvey, Medieval Maps of the Holy Land (London: 2012)
• Bianca Kühnel, From the earthly to the heavenly Jerusalem : representations of the holy city in christian art of the first millennium(Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder), 1987
• Bianca Kühnel, ed., The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Art. Special double issue of the annual Jewish Art 23/24 (1997/1998)
• Kathryn M. Rudy, Virtual pilgrimages in the convent: Imagining Jerusalem in the late Middle Ages (Turnhout: 2011)
• Lucy Donkin and Hanna Vorholt, ed., Imagining Jerusalem in the medieval West (Oxford: 2012)
• Richard Krautheimer: Introduction to an „Iconography of Medieval Architecture“, in: Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 5 (1942), pp. 1-33
• Sarah Blick / Rita Tekippe (eds.): Art and Architecture of Late Medieval Pilgrimage in Northern Europe and the British Isles (Leiden and Boston: 2005)