Note The high medieval texts were written by authors steeped in the language of the bible, what Augustine had to say about the heresies of his time, and statements contrasting Church and sect, together with a list of sects, made by Isidore of Seville. There are entries under these, therefore, and under the Bible a list of some of the most commonly used ‘authorities’ about heretics.

Brooke, Moore, Peters and WE (= Wakefield and Evans) are abbreviations used in references to these major anthologies, which are listed below

P. Allix, Some Remarks upon the Ecclesiastical History of the Ancient Churches of Piedmont, New York (London, 1692; new edn Oxford, 1821, with new pagination; this followed in New York reprint, 1989). Contains many extracts, but few complete or without interruption: Eversin's letter to Bernard of Clairvaux, pp. 153-8 [WE 15a]; Otto of Freising on Arnold of Brescia, pp. 188-9 [WE 19b]; extracts from Anonymous of Passau/Pseudo-Reinerius, pp. 232-40, 242-57, 257-8, 258-60 [viz. to 260 l.3 - the next part is from c1391] - [some overlap with Peters no 27]; the decree Ad abolendam, 1184, pp.281-5 [Peters no 29]; decree of Alfonso II of Aragon, 1192, pp. 285-7; decree of Frederick II, pp.288-90.

P. Allix, Remarks upon The Ecclesiastical History of the Ancient Churches of the Albigenses (publication details as above, bound together in the 1989 reprint). Many extracts [see comment above], from ch. 12 - longest is ch. 15, pp. 150-8, Roger of Howden's version of the Council of Lombers [WE 28]

AB: J. Arnold and P. Biller, eds., Heresy and Inquisition in France, 1200-1300 (forthcoming, Manchester, February 2016).

Augustine: The De haresibus of St Augustine: Translation and Commentary, ed. L.G. Müller (Washington, 1956). An extract in Peters doc. no. 2.

Bernard Gui, The Inquisitor’s Guide: A Medieval Manual on Heretics, ed and transl J. Shirley (Welwyn Garden City, 2006). Most of this (pp. 29-151) presents the most well-known part of The Treatise on Practice of Inquisition, descriptions of sects and how to interrogate, also translated in WE no 55. However pp. 153-92 present various formulae from Gui’s treatise, translated from Mollat’s edition, vol 2, that are not available elsewhere in English.

Bernard of Clairvaux, Cantica Canticorum: Eighty-Six Sermons on the Song of Solomon, transl. S.J. Eales (London, 1895): sermon 64, from §8 (pp. 386-8), letter of Eberwin of Steinfeld (pp. 388-93), sermon 65 (pp. 393-8), sermon 66 (pp. 399-408). Though old, these translations are easier to grasp than those in the 1979 version below.

Bernard of Clairvaux, On the Song of Songs III, transl. K. Walsh and I.M. Edmonds (Kalamazoo MI, 1979): sermon 64, from §8 (pp. 175-8), sermon 65 (pp. 179-89), sermon 66 (pp. 190-206).

Bible: Beryl Smalley recommended using the Douay-Rheims translation.

Judges xv.4-5 (little foxes); Song of Songs ii.15 (little foxes); Matthew vii.15 (beware of false prophets...wolves and sheep); Mark XIII. 22 [false Christs and prophets]; [Acts xxiv.5, 14 - occurrence of words sect and heresy]; I Cor. xi.18-9 (there should be heresies); I Tim. 4, 1-3 (marriage, meat); II Tim. 3, 6 (worming way into homes of weak-willed women); Titus iii.10 (avoidance of the heretic); I John ii.18 (antichrist - see also I John iv.3, & II John 7). N.B. This is a selection, not an exhaustive list.

P. Biller, ed., ‘Appendix: Edition and Translation of the De vita et actibus’, in C. Bruschi and P. Biller, eds, Texts and the Repression of Medieval Heresy (York, 2003), pp. 195-207. A description of the Waldensian sect, perhaps from c. 1300.

P. Biller, C. Bruschi and S. Sneddon, eds, Inquisitors and Heretics in Thirteenth-Century Languedoc: Edition and Translation of Toulouse Inquisition Depositions, 1273-1282 (Leiden, 2011)

J. Bird, E. Peters and J.M. Powell, eds, Crusade and Christendom: Annotated Documents in Translation from Innocent III to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291 (Philadelphia PA, 2013), Part 1, section 7 (the Albigensian Crusade)

R.B. Brooke, The Coming of the Friars, Historical Problems: Studies and Documents 24 (London, 1975).

Caesarius of Heisterbach, The Dialogue on Miracles, ed. H. von E. Scott and C.C. Swinton Bland, 2 vols (London, 1929), vol. 1, pp. 148-50, 338-53, 489-90, vol. 2, pp. 118, 156-7, 212, 279.

G.G. Coulton, ed and transl, Life in the Middle Ages, 4 vols. (Cambridge, 1928), vol 1, pp. 87-88 (doc. no. 49), a few lines from Stephen of Bourbon on heresy; pp. 113-118 (doc. no. 65) contain an extract from the sermon of a famous Franciscan preacher from southern Germany, Berthold of Regensburg (ob. 1272), from p. 115 on unbelief and heresy.

P. Geary, ed., Readings in Medieval History, 4th edn (Toronto, 2010), pp. 482-501: Jacques Fournier inquisitions

Gerald of Wales, The Jewel of the Church, ed and transl J.J. Hagen (Louvain, 1978), p. 33, reference to Paterines or Cathars on borders of Flanders.

Gervase of Tilbury, Recreation for an Emperor, ed. and transl. S.E. Banks and J.W. Binns, Oxford Medieval Texts (Oxford, 2002); dedicated to emperor Otto IV, probably sent to him in 1215. i.2 (pp. 28-35): refutation of Albigensians; iii.103 (pp. 778-9, 784-5): crusade against Albigensians.

M. Goodich, The Unmentionable Vice. Homosexuality in the Later Medieval Period (New York, 1979), pp. 93-123: Jacques Fournier’s interrogations of Arnold of Verniolles, accused of heresy and sodomy.

Guibert de Nogent: Self and Society in Medieval France: The Memoirs of Guibert de Nogent, book 3, ch. 17, ed and transl J.F. Benton (New York 1970), pp. 210, 212-214.

— A Monk’s Confession: The Memoirs of Guibert de Nogent, transl P.J. Archambault (Philadelphia PA, 1995), pp. 195-8.

— Monodies and On the Relics of the Saints, transl J. Rubinstein and J. McAlhany, Penguin Classics (Harmondsworth, 2012), pp. 168-71.

Hamilton: J. Hamilton and B. Hamilton, eds, Christian Dualist Heresies in the Byzantine World, c. 650-c. 1405 (Manchester, 1998)

Hugh Eteriano, Contra Patarenos, ed. J. Hamilton, B. Hamilton and S. Hamilton (Leiden, 2004), pp. 177-92.

The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, transl S.A. Barney and others (Cambridge, 2006), book 8, i-iii and v, pp. 173-8.

Jacobus de Voragine [James of Varazze], The Golden Legend, ed. V.G. Ryan, 2 vols (Princeton NJ, 1993), vol 1, pp. 254-66 (Peter Martyr), vol 2, pp. 44-58 (Dominic)

M.R. James, ed and transl The Apocryphal New Testament (Oxford, 1924), pp. 187-193: the Secret of the Cathars, or Interrogatio Johannis, from a 1691 edition of the Carcassonne ms. of this work (see WE, doc 56b).

John of Salisbury, Historia Pontificalis. Memoirs of the Papal Court, transl. M. Chibnall (London, etc., 1956; Oxford, 1986), pp. 62-5: Arnold of Brescia.

Jordan of Saxony, On the Beginnings of the Order of Preachers, ed. S. Tugwell (Dublin, 1982)

LRT: C. Leglu, R. Rist and C. Taylor, eds, The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade: A Sourcebook (London, 2014)

F.C. Lehner, Saint Dominic: Biographical Documents (Washington, 1964).

[Gerard of Frachet], Lives of the Brethren of the Order of Preachers, ed. P. Conway (London, 1955).

S.R. Maitland, Facts and Documents Illustrative of the History, Doctrines and Rites of the Ancient Albigenses (London, 1832), section 10: translation of Bernard Gui sentences. On-line version easier to read than modern reprint.

Marsilius of Padua, Defender of the Peace, Discourse 2, chapter 10, ed and transl A. Gewirth, Records of Civilisation Sources and Studies, 2 vols (Toronto, Buffalo and London, 1956, vol. 2, containing the translation, reprinted 1980), pp. 173-181. See also ‘heretics’ in index.

Marsilius of Padua, The Defender of the Peace, Discourse 2, chapter 10, ed. and transl A. Brett, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought (Cambridge, 2005), pp. 232-41. For other relevant passages see index-entry ‘heresy’.

Matthew Paris , English History, transl J.A. Giles, 3 vols. (London, 1852-4) = translation of Chronica Majora, not Historia Anglorum. On Robert Le Bougre, vol. 1, pp. 28, 156-7, vol. 2, p. 452; on Milan, vol. 1, pp. 38, 64, 301-2, vol. 3, pp. 9-10 (assassination of Dominican inquisitor Peter); heretics in Italy, vol. 1, pp. 467-8 vol. 2, pp. 302, 409; on Frederick II, vol. 1, pp. 167, 197, 301-302, vol. 2, pp. 68-70, 302; on Count of Toulouse, vol. 1, p. 433; on Languedoc, vol. 1, pp. 167, 197, 433, 437, vol. 2, pp. 269, 409, vol. 3, pp. 21-2; prophesy about sects, vol. 1, p. 530; shepherds, vol. 2, pp. 451-2; Grosseteste’s definition of heresy, vol. 3, pp. 44-5; ‘bougre’ also name in France for usurers, vol. 3, p. 135.

R. I. Moore, ed., The Birth of Popular Heresy (London, 1975).

Z. Oldenbourg, Massacre at Montségur: A History of the Albigensian Crusade (French edn, Paris, 1959, Engl. transl. London, 1961, later reprints), Appendixes of translated texts, pp.368-85; appendix D has selections from southern French Councils.

Otto of Freising, The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa, ed and transl C.C. Mierow and R. Emery, Records of Civilisation, Sources and Studies (New York, 1953), pp. 61 and 142-145 on Arnold of Brescia.

Peters: E. Peters, ed., Heresy and Authority in Medieval Europe (Philadelphia, 1980)

Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay, The History of the Albigensian Crusade, trans.W. A. Sibly and M. D. Sibly (Woodbridge, 1998)

Roger of Howden, Annals, transl H.T. Riley, 2 vols. (London, 1853). Vol.1, pp. 423-437 (Council of Lombers - WE doc. 28); pp. 471-489 (legation to Toulouse in 1178 - see WE no. 29 and Moore nos. 35 and 36); 502-504 (Lateran III 1179 decree on heresy). Vol. 2, pp. 20 (burnings in 1182 in the kingdom of France, where Riley mistakenly translates Publicani as Manichaean heretics); 179 Joachim and prophecy of sects.

Three points to clarify.

[1] Roger wrote two works, (i) Gesta Henrici, once thought to be by Benedict of Peterborough, or anonymous, and (ii) Chronica, from 1159 to 1192 based on the earlier work, usually more or less the same or lightly edited. That’s why the 1178 texts are in both, very nearly the same.

[2] Riley’s so-caled Annals translate the Chronica.

[3] Under 1178 Roger’s text contains three parts, (i) his account of events, (ii) a letter of the Cardinal Legate, Peter of Chryogonus, (iii) a letter of Henry, abbot of Clairvaux. Roger’s account, (i), was drawn from (ii) and (iii): so reading it first can be misleading!

Roger of Wendover, Flowers of History, transl J.A. Giles, 2 vols. (London, 1849). Vol. 2, pp. 278-282 (Albigensian crusade); 287 (Matthew Paris addition, on king John’s views); 283-289 battle of Muret; 426, 445 (letter of pal legate, Conrad of Porto), 470, 474-475, 478-482, 508; 583.

The Chronicle of William of Puylaurens: The Albigensian Crusade and its Aftermath, trans. W. A. Sibly and M. D. Sibly (Woodbridge, 2003)

Ralph [Rodulfus] Glaber, The Five Books of the Histories, ed. J. France, Oxford Medieval Texts (Oxford, 1989). Parallel Latin text and transl.

L. Riley-Smith and J. Riley-Smith, eds, The Crusades: Idea and Reality 1095-1274, Documents of Medieval History 4 (London, 1980). Some material on the Albigensian Crusade.

Salimbene: G.G. Coulton, From St Francis to Dante. Translations from the Chronicle of the Franciscan Salimbene (1221-1288), 2nd edn (London, 1907), ch. 25, pp. 323-332 on Segarello and the Apostoli.

— The Chronicle of Salimbene de Adam, transl. J.L. Baird and others, Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies 40 (Binghampton NY, 1986). See ‘Table of Special Topics’, p. xl, ‘Segarello’, and index, p. 704, 'Apostles, Order of the'.

S. Shahar, Women in a Medieval Heretical Sect: Agnes and Huguette the Waldensians (Woodbridge, 2001), appendix, pp. 131-56: interrogations of two women supporters of Waldensians.

J. Shinners, ed., Medieval Popular Religion, 2nd edn (Toronto, 2006)

J. Shirley, ed., The Song of the Cathar Wars (Aldershot, 1996)

N.P. Stork: her website at San Jose State University provides extensive English translations from Jacques Fournier’s inquisition register. These are English translations of Jean Duvernoy’s 1978 French translations, which adds one filter between the reader and the medieval Latin register, and Stork follows Duvernoy in turning the dixit of the register (‘She/he said’) into ‘I said’.

N.P. Tanner, Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils, 2 vols (London and Georgetown, 1990), pp. 230-5 (4th Lateran Council), 282-3 (1st Council of Lyons, heresy of Frederick II), 380-3 (Vienne, reform of inquisition)

Thomas Aquinas, On the Truth of the Catholic Faith (= a translation of Summa contra gentiles), ed and transl A.C. Pegis, 5 vols. (New York, 1955-7). Vol. 1, p. 62 (reference to heretics as opponents); pp. 158-164 (That God is one; p.164 Manichaeans holding opposite). Vol. 2, pp. 120-124 (That a contrariety of agents does not account for the distinction of things, i.e. two principles, evil; ref. to Manicheans p. 124); p. 135 ref. to Manichaeans; p. 274 (Manichaeans, eternity and transmutation of souls). Vol. 3: pp. 50, 69 (refs. to Manichaeans). Vol. 3(ii), pp. 103 (ref. to Manichaeans); 119 (objections to killing animals); 155-156 (defence of marriage - Cathars not mentioned but clearly alluded to); 156-169 (defence of eating all kinds of food - probably v. Cathars); 221-222 (against opponents of the death penalty). Vol. 4: pp. 149-153 (On the error of the Manichaeans about the Incarnation); p. 292 (On orders - those not recognising pope); 295-296 (defence of sacrament of marriage); 297ff (objections to resurrection of bodies); 316 (Millenarians and pleasure in heaven).

— Summa of Theology, 60 vols. (London and New York, 1964-75). Vol. 32, pp. 80-95: 2a2ae Question 11: Heresy. Parallel Latin and English.

Giovanni Villani, Selections from the first nine books of the Croniche Fiorentine of Giovanni Villani, transl R.E. Selfe and ed P. Wicksteed (London, 1897), pp. 35-376 on Dolcino; p. 96 (God's punishment for heresy); pp. 114-115 (origins of Dominicans).

Wakefield, Heresy: W. L. Wakefield, Heresy, Crusade and Inquisition in Southern France, 1100-1250 (London, 1974), appendixes 1-6 contain a small but very varied and interesting collection of documents. Inquisitors' manual of 1248-1249 on pp. 250-257; the tale on pp. 195-199: also in Caesarius of Heisterbach; the chronicle of William Pelhisson, on pp. 207-236, is given an elaborate ed. in Latin (with French transl.) in Guillaume Pelhisson, Chronique, ed. J. Duvernoy (Paris, 1994).

WE: W. L. Wakefield and A. P. Evans, eds, Heresies of the High Middle Ages, 2nd edn (New York, 1991)

Walter Map, De nugis curialium. Courtiers' Trifles, ed and transl M.R. James, rev C.N.L. Brooke and R.A.B. Mynors, Oxford Medieval Texts (Oxford, 1983). Parallel Latin English; on Cathars, pp. 119-125; Waldensians at 3rd Lateran Council, 1179, pp. 125-127.

William of Newburgh, History, transl J. Stevenson, Church Historians of England, 5 vols. (London, 1853-8), vol. 4, part 2, pp. 424-426 (on Eon de l'Etoile); 460-461 (entry of heresy into England); 463-464 (heresy decree of 1163 Council of Tours); 503-504 (heresy decree of Lateran III 1179).

— entry of heresy into England: D.C. Douglas and G.W. Greenaway, eds, English Historical Documents, vol. 2, 1042-1189, 2nd edn (London, 1981), pp. 355-7; in 1st edn (London, 1953), pp. 329-30.

— The History of English Affairs, ed and transl P.G. Walsh and M.J. Kennedy, 2 vols (Warminster and Oxford, 1988-2007); the (incomplete) edition goes up to 1175. i.19 (vol 1, pp. 86-93), heresy of Eon de l’Étoile / Eudo of Stella; ii.13 (vol. 2, pp. 56-61), heretics in England and Council at Oxford; ii.15 § 6 (vol. 2, pp. 64-7), Council of Tours, 1163, canon 6..

Table of Equivalents in Anthologies of Translations

This is a brief guide, and a rough one, in that the translations of a particular text do not always begin or end at the same point. The texts are listed in broadly chronological order.