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\textbf{basic statistical analysis}
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\texttt{aov()}, \texttt{anova()}, \texttt{lm()},
\texttt{glm()}: linear and non-\newline\mbox{linear} models, anova
\texttt{t.test()}: t test
\texttt{prop.test()}, \texttt{binom.test()}: sign test
\texttt{chisq.test(x1)}: chi-square test on matrix \texttt{x1}
\texttt{fisher.test()}: Fisher exact test
\texttt{cor(a)}: show correlations
\texttt{cor.test(a,b)}: test correlation
\texttt{friedman.test()}: Friedman test
\smallskip
\textbf{some statistics in mva package}
\texttt{prcomp()}: principal components
\texttt{kmeans()}: kmeans cluster analysis
\texttt{factanal()}: factor analysis
\texttt{cancor()}: canonical correlation
\smallskip
\textbf{Graphics}
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\texttt{plot()}, \texttt{barplot()}, \texttt{boxplot()}, \texttt{stem()},
\texttt{hist()}: \newline\mbox{basic} plots
\texttt{matplot()}: matrix plot
\texttt{pairs(matrix)}: scatterplots
\texttt{coplot()}: conditional plot
\texttt{stripchart()}: strip chart
\texttt{qqplot()}: quantile-quantile plot
\texttt{qqnorm()}, \texttt{qqline()}: fit normal distribution
\newpage
\underline{\textbf{\textsf{R} reference card}}, by Jonathan Baron
Parentheses are for functions, brackets are for indicating the position
of items in a vector or matrix. (Here, items with numbers like
\texttt{x1} are user-supplied variables.)
\smallskip
\textbf{Miscellaneous }
\texttt{q()}: quit
\texttt{<-}: assign
\texttt{INSTALL} \texttt{package1}: install \texttt{package1}
\texttt{m1[,2]}: column 2 of matrix \texttt{m1}
\texttt{m1[,2:5]} or \texttt{m1[,c(2,3,4,5)]}: columns 2--5
\texttt{m1\$a1}: variable \texttt{a1} in data frame \texttt{m1}
\texttt{NA}: missing data
\texttt{is.na}: true if data missing
\texttt{library(mva)}: load (e.g.) the \texttt{mva} package
\smallskip
\textbf{Help}
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\texttt{help(command1)}: get help with \texttt{command1} (NOTE:
USE THIS FOR MORE DETAIL THAN THIS CARD CAN PROVIDE.)
\texttt{help.start()}: start browser help
\texttt{help(package=mva)}: help with (e.g.) package \texttt{mva}
\texttt{apropos("topic1")}: commands relevant to \texttt{topic1}
\texttt{example(command1)}: examples of \texttt{command1}
\smallskip
\textbf{Input and output}
\texttt{source("file1")}: run the commands in \texttt{file1}.
\texttt{read.table("file1")}: read in data from \texttt{file1}
\texttt{data.entry()}: spreadsheet
\texttt{scan(x1)}: read a vector \texttt{x1}
\texttt{download.file(url1)}: from internet
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\texttt{url.show(url1)}, \texttt{read.table.url(url1)}: remote
\newline\mbox{input}
\texttt{sink("file1")}: output to \texttt{file1}, until \texttt{sink()}
\texttt{write(object,"file1")}: writes an object to \texttt{file1}
\texttt{write.table(dataframe1,"file1")}: writes a table
\smallskip
\textbf{Managing variables and objects}
\texttt{attach(x1)}: put variables in \texttt{x1} in search path
\texttt{detach(x1)}: remove from search path
\texttt{ls()}: lists all the active objects.
\texttt{rm(object1)}: removes \texttt{object1}
\texttt{dim(matrix1)}: dimensions of \texttt{matrix1}
\texttt{dimnames(x1)}: names of dimensions of \texttt{x1}
\texttt{length(vector1)}: length of \texttt{vector1}
\texttt{1:3}: the vector \texttt{1,2,3}
\texttt{c(1,2,3)}: creates the same vector
\texttt{rep(x1,n1)}: repeats the vector \texttt{x1} \texttt{n1} times
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\texttt{cbind(a1,b1,c1)}, \texttt{rbind(a1,b1,c1)}: binds
columns or rows into a matrix
\texttt{merge(df1,df2)}: merge data frames
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\texttt{matrix(vector1,r1,c1)}: make vectors into a
matrix with \texttt{r1} rows and \texttt{c1} columns
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\vbox{
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\texttt{data.frame(v1,v2)}: make a data frame from
vectors \texttt{v1} and \texttt{v2}
}
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\texttt{as.factor()}, \texttt{as.matrix()}, \texttt{as.vector()}:
\mbox{conversion}
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\texttt{is.factor()}, \texttt{is.matrix()}, \texttt{is.vector()}: what it
is
\texttt{t()}: switch rows and columns
\texttt{which(x1==a1)}: returns indices of \texttt{x1} where
\texttt{x1==a1}
\smallskip
\textbf{Control flow}
for (\texttt{i1} in \texttt{vector1}): repeat what follows
\texttt{if (conditions) \dots else \dots}: conditional
\smallskip
\textbf{Arithmetic}
\%*\% matrix multiplication
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\%/\%, \^{}, sqrt(): integer division, power,
\mbox{modulus}, square root
\smallskip
\textbf{Statistics}
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\texttt{max()}, \texttt{min()}, \texttt{mean()}, \texttt{median()},
\texttt{sum()}, \texttt{var()}: as named
\texttt{summary(data.frame)}: prints statistics
\texttt{rank()}, \texttt{sort()} rank and sort
\texttt{ave(x1,y1)}: averages of \texttt{x1} grouped by \texttt{factor1}
\texttt{by()}: apply function to data frame by factor
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\texttt{apply(x1,n1,function1)}: apply \texttt{function1} (e.g.
\newline\texttt{mean}) to \texttt{x} by \texttt{rows(n1=1}) or
\texttt{columns(n2=2)}
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\texttt{tapply(x1,list1,function1)}: apply function to
\texttt{x1} by \texttt{list1}
\texttt{table()}: make a table
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\texttt{tabulate()}: tabulate a vector
\smallskip
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