x <- c(28778,453,83849,30513,110912,9251,127869, 43069,1399,337032,547026,108178,248577,6, 131944,93030,103000,70283,301225,157,2586, 316,1,40844,324219,312677,92082,237500, 61,504782,449964,41293,23623,130439, 20768,78772,14121,5571000,0.44,255804) n <- length(x) firstdigit <- function(x) floor(x*10^(-floor(log10(x)))) observed <- table(firstdigit(x)) percentage <- 100*log10(1+(1:9)^(-1)) expected <- (n/100)*percentage names(percentage) <- names(observed) chisqvalue <- sum((observed-expected)^2/expected) cat("Percentage\n") print(percentage,digits=3) print(rbind(observed,expected),digits=3) cat("\nChi-squared value",chisqvalue,"on 8 degrees of freedom\n")