# # Figure 3.1 Examples of beta densities # par(mfrow=c(3,3)) par(lab=c(2,2,0)) par(yaxt="n") par(mar=c(3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8)) betafn <- function(x) (beta(a,b))^(-1)*x^(a-1)*(1-x)^(b-1) a <- 0.5 b <- 0.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),ylab="",xlab="", main="(a) \n\n") par(mex=0.9) # See plotmath for use of expression mtext(expression(0<beta<1),side=3) mtext(expression(0<alpha<1),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 1.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(beta==1),side=3) par(mex=1) b <- 1.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(1<beta<2),side=3) par(mex=1) a <- 1.0 b <- 0.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(alpha==1),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 1.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") b <- 1.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") a <- 1.5 b <- 0.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(1<alpha<2),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 1.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") b <- 1.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mfrow=c(3,3)) par(lab=c(2,2,0)) par(yaxt="n") par(mar=c(3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8)) a <- 2.0 b <- 0.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),ylab="",xlab="", main="(b) \n\n") par(mex=0.9) # mtext(expression(0<beta<1),side=3) mtext(expression(alpha==2),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 1.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) # mtext(expression(beta==1),side=3) par(mex=1) b <- 1.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) # mtext(expression(1<beta<2),side=3) par(mex=1) a <- 2.5 b <- 0.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(2<alpha<3),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 1.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") b <- 1.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") a <- 3.0 b <- 0.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(alpha==3),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 1.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") b <- 1.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mfrow=c(3,3)) par(lab=c(2,2,0)) par(yaxt="n") par(mar=c(3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8)) a <- 0.5 b <- 2.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),ylab="",xlab="", main="(c) \n\n") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(beta==2),side=3) mtext(expression(0<alpha<1),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 2.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(2<beta<3),side=3) par(mex=1) b <- 3.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(beta==3),side=3) par(mex=1) a <- 1.0 b <- 2.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(alpha==1),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 2.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") b <- 3.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") a <- 1.5 b <- 2.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(1<alpha<2),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 2.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") b <- 3.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mfrow=c(3,3)) par(lab=c(2,2,0)) par(yaxt="n") par(mar=c(3.8,3.8,3.8,3.8)) a <- 2.0 b <- 2.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),ylab="",xlab="", main="(d) \n\n") par(mex=0.9) # mtext(expression(beta==2),side=3) mtext(expression(alpha==2),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 2.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) # mtext(expression(2<beta<3),side=3) par(mex=1) b <- 3.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) # mtext(expression(beta==3),side=3) par(mex=1) a <- 2.5 b <- 2.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(2<alpha<3),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 2.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") b <- 3.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") a <- 3.0 b <- 2.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mex=0.9) mtext(expression(alpha==3),side=2) par(mex=1) b <- 2.5 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") b <- 3.0 curve(betafn,0,1,n=1000,ylim=c(0,2.2),xlab="",ylab="") par(mfrow=c(1,1)) par(lab=c(5,5,7)) par(yaxt="s") par(mar=c(5.1,4.1,4.1,2.1))