Profile

Biography

Since the late 1980s, Julie's research has been focused on studying human impacts on marine ecosystems and how to reduce the problems these create. For the last eleven years her work has primarily been on the impacts of fishing and how marine protected areas can help rectify the failings of other forms of fishery management. This has included work on extinction risk in the sea and how necessary it is to protect areas of the sea from fishing. She has repeatedly shown that complete protection for some areas of the sea is totally justified on conservation grounds and her work provided the first proof that protection from fishing can increase catches in surrounding fisheries. Over the years her work on the effects recreational scuba diving on coral reefs has moved from firstly playing a major role in getting the issue to be recognised, to then seeing it become addressed throughout the tropics. The majority of Julie's field work has taken place in the Caribbean and Middle East.

Career

Lecturer	University of York
PhD	University of York
MSc	Liverpool
BSc	University of York

Research

Overview

1992-2002	Contracted by the Caribbean Marine Park of Saba (Netherlands Antilles) to initiate and conduct a long-term monitoring programme of the impact of recreational diving on coral reefs within the park.
1992-1995	Research associate with the Eastern Caribbean Center, University of the Virgin Islands, USVI. Studying the effects of fishing and marine reserve protection on reef fish communities.
1992	Field assistant at the University of the Virgin Islands for a project to restock Nassau Groupers in the US Virgin Islands using hatchery reared fishes.
1990-1998	As a member of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Coral Reef Fish Specialist Group I mapped global distributions of coral reef fish for a Geographic Information System. The project identified areas with high species richness, high levels of endemism, and species potentially at risk of extinction. Funding bodies include: IUCN, Peter Scott Trust, British Ecological Society, Ocean Voice International, World Conservation Monitoring Centre and Tropical Marine Research Unit/UK Darwin Initiative and US Agency for International Development.
1990-1992	Research Associate at The Dept of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, Newcastle University, UK. Involved in projects on the effectiveness of marine reserves in reef fishery management, the effects of recreational diving on coral reef conservation and mapping the distribution of coral reef fishes (see above). Field work involving fish population censuses and underwater photography was performed in Saba Marine Park, Hol Chan Marine Reserve, Belize and Ras Mohammed Marine Park, Egypt.
1988-1990	Research for MSc. degree on the effects of diving tourism on the coral reefs around Sharm-el-Sheikh in Egypt. This study also included assessment of the impacts of the grounding of a phosphate ship on a coral reef. The research involved extensive sampling of reef benthic communities and monitoring of changes over a one year period.
1987-1990	Participated in research on several ecological studies run at the Marine Research Centre of Suez Canal University. They included: (1) territorial behaviour of butterfly fishes, (2) refuge hole availability and population regulation of blennies, and (3) population biology of groupers.
1987	Research assistant on a study of mechanisms of coexistence in an assemblage of herbivorous reef fishes; at One Tree Island Research Station, Great Barrier Reef.
1986-1987	Scientific Officer for the Nature Conservancy Council, York, UK. Responsible for habitat mapping, designation of Sites of Special Scientific Interest, liaison with local land-owners and organisations interested in the countryside, office administration and redevelopment of the office records system.
1986	Project co-ordinator for the British Trust For Conservation Volunteers.
1985	Research assistant at the University of York with the Tropical Marine Research Unit. Cataloguing site data from a survey of the marine habitats of North Yemen.

Consultancy

1999	Advice on zoning the Galapagos Marine Park. WWF USA
1996	Damage assessment and valuation following the grounding of the freighter Royal Viking Sun on the northern Red Sea coast of Egypt. Field survey and economic valuation of damages. North of England Protecting and Indemnity Association/Tropical Coastal Management Consultants, Newcastle, UK.
1996	Survey of the Cabrits National Park, Dominica. ENCORE/WWF St. Lucia.
1994	Compiled a checklist of the distribution of coral reef fishes in Small Island Developing States. World Conservation Monitoring Centre, UK.
1992	Review of the status and distribution of Antipatharia (black corals) for the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) lists. World Conservation Monitoring Centre, UK.
1992	Literature study and appraisal of the marine environment of the western Black Sea coastal zone. For British Petroleum Exploration; Hunting Aquatic Resources Ltd, UK.
1992	Adviser to Scott Bertlin Engineers (UK) on the effects of dredging on marine habitats (seagrasses, mangroves and coral reefs) in Tanzania.
1992	Damage assessment and valuation following the grounding of the freighter Lastovo on the northern Red Sea coast of Egypt. Field survey and economic valuation of damages. North of England Protecting and Indemnity Association/Tropical Coastal Management Consultants, Newcastle, UK.
1991	Damage assessment and valuation following the grounding of the tanker Mayflower on the northern Red Sea coast of Egypt. Newcastle Protecting and Indemnity Association/Tropical Coastal Management Consultants, Newcastle, UK.
1990	Environmental impact assessment for a proposed 5 star hotel on the coast of the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. Cobham Resource Consultants, Manchester, UK.

Publications

Full publications list

Books

• Roberts, C.M., J.D. Reynolds, I.M. Côté, J.P. Hawkins. 2006. Redesigning coral reef conservation. In: I.M. Cote and J.D. Reynolds (ed). Coral Reef Conservation. Pages 515-537. Cambridge University Press.
• Roberts, C.M. & J.P. Hawkins (2000). Fully-Protected Marine Reserves: A Guide. WWF Endangered Seas Campaign, 1250 24th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA and Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD. 131 pages.
• Price, A.R.G., C.M. Roberts & J.P. Hawkins (1998). Recreational use of coral reefs in the Maldives and Caribbean. Chapter 9 in E.J. Milner Gulland & R. Mace (eds.). Conservation of Biological Resources, pages 242-260. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
• Ormond, R.F.G. and Douglas, A. (eds.) (1996). Exploitation of coral reefs. British Ecological Society, Ecological Issues Booklet No. 7. British Ecological Society, London. 47pp. (co-author).

Papers

• Peters, H. and Hawkins, J.P. 2009. Access to marine parks: a comparative study in willingness to pay. Ocean & Coastal Management 52: 219-228.
• Hawkins, J.P., C.M. Roberts, F. Gell, and C. Dytham. 2007. Effects of trap fishing on reef fish communities. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17: 111-132
• Sáenz–Arroyo, A., C.M. Roberts, J. Torre, M. Cariño-Olvera and J.P. Hawkins. 2006. The Gulf of California Marine Fauna through the Eyes of 16th to 19th Century Travellers. Fish and Fisheries 7: 128-146.
• Hawkins, J.P., C.M. Roberts, C. Dytham, C. Schelten & M. Nugues. Effects of habitat characteristics and sedimentation on performance of marine reserves in St. Lucia. Biological Conservation (2006), 487-499
• Hawkins, J.P., C.M. Roberts, D. Kooistra, K. Buchan & S. White (2005). Sustainability of scuba diving tourism on coral reefs of Saba. Coastal Management, 33:373-387
• Roberts, C.M., J.P. Hawkins and F.R Gell. (2005). The role of marine reserves in achieving sustainable fisheries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, Biological Sciences 360:123-132
• Hawkins, J.P. & C.M. Roberts (2004). Effects of artisanal fishing on Caribbean coral reefs. Conservation Biology 18: 215-226.
• Hawkins, J.P. & C.M. Roberts. (2003). Effects of fishing on sex-changing Caribbean parrotfishes. Biological Conservation 115: 213-226.
• Roberts, C.M., C.J. McClean, J.E.N. Veron, J.P. Hawkins, G.R. Allen, D.E. McAllister, C.G. Mittermeier, F.W. Schueler, M. Spalding, F. Wells, C. Vynne and T.B. Werner (2002). Coral reef biodiversity and conservation. Science 296: 1026-1028.
• Roberts, C.M., C.J. McClean, J.E.N. Veron, J.P. Hawkins, G. R. Allen, D. E. McAllister, C. G. Mittermeier, F. W. Schueler, M. Spalding, F. Wells, C. Vynne and T. B. Werner. (2002). Marine biodiversity hotspots and conservation priorities for tropical reefs. Science 295:1280-1284.
• Roberts, C.M, J.A. Bohnsack, F.R. Gell, J.P. Hawkins and R. Goodridge. (2002). Marine reserves and fisheries management. Science 295: 1233-1235.
• Roberts, C.M., J.A. Bohnsack, F. Gell, J.P. Hawkins and R. Goodridge. (2001). Effects of marine reserves on adjacent fisheries. Science 294:1920-1923.
• Hawkins, J.P., C.M. Roberts & V.C. Clark (2000). The threatened status of restricted-range coral reef fish species. Animal Conservation 3: 81-88.
• Morris, A., C.M. Roberts & J.P. Hawkins (2000). The threatened status of groupers (Epinephelinae). Biodiversity and Conservation 9: 919-942.
• Hawkins, J.P., C.M. Roberts, T. van’t Hof, K. de Meyer, J. Tratalos & C. Aldam (1999). Effects of recreational scuba diving on Caribbean coral and fish communities. Conservation Biology 13: 888-897.
• Roberts, C.M. & J.P. Hawkins (1999). Extinction risk in the sea. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 14: 241-246.
• Roberts, C.M. & J.P. Hawkins (1997). How small can a marine reserve be and still be effective? Coral Reefs 16: 150.
• Hawkins, J.P. & C.M. Roberts (1996). Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs for recreational scuba diving. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp., Panama 2: 1923-1926.

Popular & Semi-popular Articles

• Roberts, C.M. & J.P. Hawkins (1996). Saba's reefs weather the storms. Saba Marine Park Newsletter.

Reports

• Thurstan, R., Roberts, C., Hawkins, J. and Neves, L. 2009. Highly protected Marine Conservation Zones: defining damaging and disturbing activities. CCW Policy Research Report No. 09/01
• Roberts, C.M., J.P. Hawkins, J. Fletcher, S. Hands, K. Raab and S. Ward. 2009. Guidance for Designing a Network of Marine Protected Areas in England. 63pp. Natural England Research Report.
• Thurstan, R.H., C.M. Roberts, J.P. Hawkins and L.B. McAuslan. 2008. Marine Reserves in Northern Ireland: The Way Forward. The Ulster Wildlife Trust and WWF UK, 70pp.
• Roberts, C.M., R. Brown, R. Thurstan and J.P. Hawkins. 2008. Selecting and Implementing Highly Protected Marine Reserves in Wales. CCW Policy Research Report No. 08/17, Bangor. 124pp.
• Roberts, C.M., L.C. Mason and J.P. Hawkins. 2006. Roadmap to Recovery: A Global Network of Marine Reserves. Greenpeace International.
• Hawkins, J.P., J. Ashworth, J. and K. Bull. 2005. The principles of highly protected marine reserves 3rd-9th July 2005, Marine Biological Association, Plymouth. Workshop Report, English Nature, Peterborough.
• Roadmap to Recovery:  A global network of marine reserves. Greenpeace
• Roberts, C.M., F.R. Gell & J.P. Hawkins. 2003. Protecting nationally important marine areas in the Irish Sea Pilot Project Region. Report to Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.
• Roberts, C.M., J.P. Hawkins, N. Chapman, V. Clark, A.V. Morris, R. Miller, & A. Richards (1999). The threatened status of marine species. Center for Marine Conservation / IUCN Species Survival Commission.
• Clark, J.R, E. Siirila, C.M. Roberts, J.P. Hawkins & J. Ramnath (1996). Management plan for the Cabrits National Park, Dominica. ENCORE/WWF St. Lucia.
• Edwards, A.J., S. Clark, C.M. Roberts & J.P. Hawkins (1996). Report on the environmental effects of the grounding of the Royal Viking Sun on the reef on the east side of the Grafton Passage, Strait of Tiran, Egypt. Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies, University of Newcastle. 35pp.
• Roberts, C.M., J.P. Hawkins, S. Clark and A.J. Edwards & M. LeTissier (1996). Environmental effects of the grounding of the ship Safir on the coral reef at Ras Nasrani, Egypt. Dept of Environmental Economics and Environmental Management, University of York. 26pp.

Teaching

Undergraduate

• Coastal Zone Management (Year 3)
  

Postgraduate

• Marine Ecosystems
• Protected Areas: Theory Design and Implication