Profile

Biography

Alistair Boxall was appointed lecturer in Environmental Science in September 2004. He is an environmental chemist with research interests in the fate, behaviour and effects of pesticides, biocides, veterinary medicines, industrial chemicals and nanomaterials in the environment. He has worked in a number of areas including: environmental risk assessment; bioavailability of contaminants; environmental monitoring studies; toxicant identification evaluations; environmental fate modelling; and the use of molecular modelling techniques to predict toxicity. With a broad based training in environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology, Alistair has previously worked at the Plymouth Marine Laboratory, The University of Sheffield, Liverpool John Moores University, the Water Research Centre, and more recently at Cranfield University where he was joint head of the Cranfield Centre for EcoChemistry. He is or has been a member of a number of professional bodies that include the UK Veterinary Products Committee, the UK Advisory Committee on Hazardous Substances, the UK Nanotechnology Research Co-ordination Group Task Force on Exposure Assessment, the EFSA ad hoc committee on risk assessment of feed additives, the RSC expert group on water, the Bioactives Group of the Society of Chemical Industry and the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.

Career

Senior lecturer	Environment Department, University of York
PhD	University of Sheffield
BSc	Leicester Polytechnic

Research

Overview

Alistair Boxall's research has been funded by a variety of organisations that include the UK government (DEFRA, HSE, The Environment Agency, English Nature, BBSRC, the Highways Agency), the EC, American Water Works Association Research Foundation and industry. His research work focuses on understanding the fate, transport and environmental and human health effects of emerging environmental contaminants (including human and veterinary medicines, degradates and nanomaterials).

Research group(s)

• EcoChemistry Research Group

Grants

2008-2010	Cefic	175K EURO	Establishing relationships of biotransformation across organisms. In collaboration with Mr Chris Sinclair (CSL)
2008-2010	Defra	£136K	Targeted monitoring for human pharmaceuticals in sources and final waters. In collaboration with Dr Phillipe Bersuder (Cefas), Mr Richard Williams (CEH) and Professor Richard Greenwood (University of Portsmouth)
2008-2009	EFSA	48K EURO	Pre-assessment of environmental input of zinc and copper uded in animal nutrition. In collaboration with Professor Ed Tipping (CEH)
2008-2010	Defra	£45K	Veterinary medicines in drinking waters. In collaboration with Professor Len Levy (Cranfield University)
2007-2008	Defra	£97K	Management of the risks of cypermethrin in sheep dips, in collaboration with Dr C Ramwell (CSL)
2007-2008	NERC	£50K	Impacts of climate change on the risks of chemical and biological environmental contaminants on human health, in collaboration with Professor Tony Hardy (CSL)
2006-2007	Defra	£46K	Environmental exposure assessment of nanomaterials
2007	FSA	£11K	Horizon scanning for emerging contaminants in food
2007-2008	European Commission	96K Euro	Knowledge assessment of pharmaceuticals in the environment. In collaboration with Prof James Clark (Chemistry Dept)
2006-2009	Defra	£54K	Trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals in the environment. In collaboration with Prof Dave Raffaelli and Dr Ainsley Jones (CSL)
2006-2007	CEFIC	98K Euro	Identifying trans-generic degradation potential of chemicals in aquatic organisms. In collaboration with Chris Sinclair (CSL)
2006-2007	Defra	£141K	Impacts of climate change on the environmental risks of contaminants and pathogens from agriculture. In collaboration with Dr Pete Falloon (Met Office), Dr Amie Adkin (VLA) and Dr Tony Millais (CEFAS)
2005-2006	Environment Agency	£18K	Higher tier assessment of contaminated land
2005-2006	Defra/Environment Agency	£70K	Environmental risk of cypermethin from sheep dips. In collaboration with Dr Carmel Ramwell (CSL) and Chris Sinclair (CSL)
2005-2008	Unilever		Environmental fate of nanomaterials. In collaboration with Dr Steve Tear (Physics Department)
2005-2006	UBA, Germany		Risk of veterinary medicines. In collaboration with Dr Thomas Knacker (ECT, Germany)
2004-2007	European Commission	£178K	Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals
2004-2007	Defra	£170K	Fate of veterinary medicines in the farmyard
2003-2006	Defra		Indirect consumer exposure to veterinary medicines
2003-2004	Environment Agency		Monitoring of veterinary medicines in the UK Environment
2003–2004	Defra	£45K	Assessing the fate of pesticide transformation products
2002-2006	Defra	£128K	Effects of pesticide pulsed exposure on aquatic organisms

Supervision

2006-	Melanie Netherton (Defra, ongoing)	Trophic transfer of human pharmaceuticals
2005-	Karen Tiede (Unilever, ongoing)	Detection and fate of nanomaterials in the environment
2004-	Louise Pope (EU, ongoing)	Fate and effects of veterinary medicines in pasture systems
2004-	Sara Monteiro (EU, ongoing)	Fate of human medicines in soils
2004-	Iain Davies (AZ, ongoing)	Interactions of pharmaceuticals with environmental microbes
2002-	Chris Sinclair (Part time, ongoing)	Fate and effects of pesticide transformation products
2002-2005	Helen Noble (AstraZeneca, passed 2007)	Fate of antifungal pharmaceuticals in the environment
2000-2003	Paul Blackwell (EU, passed 2004)	Fate of veterinary medicines in homogenous soils
2000-2003	Paul Kay (EU, passed 2004)	Fate of veterinary medicines in macroporous soils
1999-2004	Paul Fogg (DETR, passed 2004)	Fate of pesticides in biobeds
1999-2001	Antony Shepherd (EPSRC, passed 2001)	Impacts of herbicides applied to hard surfaces
1997-1999	Anne Conrad (DETR, passed 2000)	Uptake of sediment-associated contaminants
1996–1999	Jane Patrick (EPSRC funded, passed 2000)	Predicting chemical oxidation of organic contaminants in treatment processed

Publications

Full publications list

Edited books

• Crane, M., Boxall, A.B.A., Barrett, K. (2008) Veterinary medicines in the environment. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA. 240 pp

Book chapters

• Boxall, A.B.A. (In press) Fate of veterinary medicines applied to soils. In Kummerer, K. (Ed.) Pharmaceuticals in the environment: 3rd Edition. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany.
• Boxall, A.B.A. (2008) Fate and transport of veterinary medicines in the soil environment. In Aga, D. (Ed.) Fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment and in water treatment systems. CRC Press, USA.
• Boxall, A., Crane M., Corsing C., Eirkson C., Tait A. (2008) Use of veterinary medicines in the environment. In Crane, M., Boxall, A. and Barrett, K. (Eds) Veterinary Medicines in the Environment. CRC Press, USA.
• Metcalfe, C., Boxall, A. Fenner, K., Koplin, D., Servos, M., Silberhorn, E., Staveley, J. (2008) Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Aquatic Systems. In Crane, M., Boxall, A. and Barrett, K. (Eds) Veterinary Medicines in the Environment. CRC Press, USA.
• Pope, L., Boxall, A.. Corsing, C., Halling-Sørensen, B., Tait, A., Topp, E. (2008) Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Terrestrial Systems. In Crane, M., Boxall, A. and Barrett, K. (Eds) Veterinary Medicines in the Environment. CRC Press, USA.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Fogg, L.A., Blackwell, P.A., Kay, P., Pemberton, E.J., Croxford, A. (2004) Prioritisation of veterinary medicines in the UK environment. In Dietrich D. (Ed) Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Elsevier, The Netherlands.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Blackwell, P.A., Cavallo, R., Kay, P., Tolls, J. (2004) The sorption and transport of a sulphonamide antibiotic in soil systems. In Dietrich (D.) (Ed) Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Elsevier, The Netherlands.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Kay, P., Blackwell, P.A., Fogg, L.A. (2004) Fate of veterinary medicines applied to soils. In Kummerer, K. (Ed.) Pharmaceuticals in the environment: 2nd Edition. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany.
• Baird, D.J., Brock, T.C.M., de Ruiter, P., Boxall, A.B.A., Culp, J.M., Eldridge, P., Hommen, P., Jak, R.G., Kidd, K.A., Dewitt, T. (2001) The food web approach in the environmental management of toxic substances. In Baird, D.J. and Burton, G.A. (Eds) Assessing responses to stress in complex ecological systems. SETAC Press, Pensacola.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Watts, C.D., Dearden, J.C., Bresnen, G.M. & Scoffin, R. (1997) Classification of Environmental Pollutants into General Mode of Toxic Action Classes, Based on Molecular Descriptors. In: Chen, F. and Schuurmann, G. (eds.) Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Science – VII. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Fl.
• Dearden, J.C., Cronin, M.T.D., Sharra, J.A., Higgins, C., Boxall, A.B.A., Watts, C.D. (1997) The Prediction of Henry’s Law Constant: A QSPR from Fundamental Considerations. In: Chen, F. and Schuurmann, G. (eds.) Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Science – VII. SETAC Press, Pensacola, Fl.

Journal papers

• Kools, S.A.E., Boxall, A., Moltmann, J.F., Bryning, G., Koschorreck, J., Knacker, T. (In press) A ranking of European veterinary medicines based on environmental risks. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management.
• Kim, Y., Jung, J., Kim, M., Park, J., Boxall, A.B.A., Choi, K. (2008) Prioritizing veterinary pharmaceuticals for aquatic environment in Korea. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 25 (3): 241-258.
• Chaudhry, Q., Scotter, M., Blackburn, J., Ross, B., Boxall, A., Castle, L., Aitken, R., Watkins, R. (2008) Applications and implications of nanotechnologies for the food sector. Food Additives and Contaminants. 25 (3): 241-258.
• Tiede, K., Boxall, A.B.A., Tear, S.P., Lewis, J., David, H., Hassellov, M. (2008) Detection and characterisation of engineered nanoparticles in food and the environment. Food Additives and Contaminants. 25 (7): 795-821.
• Topp, E, Monteiro, SC., Beck, A., Ball Coelho, B., Boxall, ABA.,Duenk, PW., Kleywegt, S., Lapen, DR., Payne, M., Sabourin, L., Metcalfe, CD (2008) Runoff of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Following Application of Biosolids to an Agricultural Field.. Science of the Total Environment. 396(1):52-9
• Sanderson, H., Laird, B., Pope, L., Brain, R., Wilson, C., Johnson, D., Peregrine A., Bryning, G., Boxall A., SOLOMON, K. (2007) Assessment of the environmental fate and effects of ivermectin in aquatic mesocosms. Aquatic Toxicology. 85: 229-240.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Tiede, K., Chaudhry, M.Q. (2007) Engineered Nanomaterials in Soils and Water: How do They Behave and Could They Pose a Risk to Human Health? Nanomedicine. 2(6): 919-927.
• Ashauer, R., Boxall, ABA., Brown, CD (2007) Combined effects of pulsed exposure to carbaryl and chlorpyrifos on Gammarus pulex. Environmental Science and Technology. 41(15): 5535-5541.
• Ashauer, R., Boxall, ABA., Brown, CD (2007) Simulating toxicity of carbaryl to Gammarus pulex after sequential pulsed exposure. Environmental Science and Technology. 41(15): 5528-5534.
• Ashauer, R., Boxall, ABA., Brown, CD (2007) A new ecotoxicological model to simulate survival of aquatic invertebrates after exposure to fluctuating and sequential pulses of pesticides. Environmental Science and Technology. 41(4): 1480-1486.
• Boxall, ABA., Sherratt, T., Pudner, V., Pope, L. (2007) A Screening Level Model for Assessing the impacts of veterinary medicines on dung organisms. Environmental Science and Technology. 41(7): 1480-1486.
• Blackwell, P.A., Kay, P., Boxall, A.B.A. (2007) The dissipation and transport of veterinary antibiotics in a sandy loam soil. Chemosphere. 62(2): 292-299.
• Ashauer, R; Boxall, A.; Brown, C. (2006) Uptake and elimination of chlorpyrifos and pentachlorophenol into the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 51(4): 542-548.
• Sinclair, CJ., Boxall, ABA., Parsons, SA., Thomas, M. (2006) The prioritisation of pesticide environmental transformation products in drinking water supplies. Environmental Science and Technology. 40(23): 7283-7289.
• Aitken, R.J., Chaudhry, M.Q., Boxall, A.B.A., HULL, M. (2006) Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the United Kingdom and global trends. Occupational Medicine. 56: 300 – 306.
• Ashauer, R., Boxall, A, Brown, C. (2006) Predicting effects on aquatic organisms from fluctuating or pulsed exposure to pesticides. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 25(7): 1899-1912.
• Sarmah, A.K., Meyer, M.T., Boxall, A.B.A. (2006) A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment. Chemosphere 65(5): 725-759.
• On, A., Courage, C., Rumsby, P., Stutt, E., Boxall, A., Levy, L. (2006) Prioritising veterinary medicines according to their potential indirect human exposure and toxicity profile. Toxicology Letters 163(3): 213-223.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Johnson, P., Smith, E.J., Sinclair, C.J., Stutt, E., Levy, L. (2006) Uptake of veterinary medicines from soils into plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54(6): 2288-2297.
• Kay, P., Blackwell, P.A., Boxall, A.B.A. (2005) Column studies to investigate the fate of veterinary antibiotics in clay soils following slurry application to agricultural land. Chemosphere 60(4): 497-507.
• Ramwell, C.T., Johnson, P.D., Boxall, A.B.A., Rimmer, D. (2005) Pesticide residues on the external surfaces of field crop sprayers: occupational exposure. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 49(4): 345-350.
• Kay, P., Blackwell, P.A., Boxall, A.B.A. (2005) Transport of veterinary antibiotics in overland flow following the application of slurry to land. Chemosphere 59(7): 951-959.
• Boxall, A., Long, C. (2005) Veterinary medicines and the environment. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24(4): 759-760.
• Knacker, T., Duis, K., Ternes, T., Fenner, K., Escher, B., Schmitt, H., Rombke, J., Hutchinson, T., Boxall, A.B.A. (2005) The EU-project ERAPharm – incentives for the further development of guidance documents. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 12(2): 62-65.
• Blackwell, P.A., Boxall, A.B.A., Kay, P. Noble, H. (2005) Evaluation of a lower tier exposure assessment model for veterinary medicines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53(6): 2192-2201
• Floate, K., Wardaugh, K , Boxall, A.B.A., Sherratt, T. (2005) Faecal residues of veterinary parasiticides: non-target effects in the pasture environment. Annual Reviews in Entomology 50: 153-179.
• Kay, P., Blackwell, P.A., Boxall, A.B.A. (2005) A lysimeter experiment to investigate the leaching of veterinary antibiotics through a clay soil and comparison with field data. Environmental Pollution 134: 333-341.
• Boxall A.B.A. (2004) The environmental side effects of medication. EMBO Reports. 5(12): 1110-1116.
• Renaud, F.G., Boxall, A.B.A., Toy, R., Robertson, S. (2004) Assessment of approaches for terrestrial hazard classification. Chemosphere. 57:1697-1706.
• Blackwell, P.A., Holten-Lützhøft, H.C, MA, H-M, Halling Sørensen, B., Boxall, A.B.A., Kay, P. (2004) Ultrasonic extraction of veterinary antibiotics from soils and pig slurry with SPE clean-up and LC-UV and fluorescence detection. Talanta. 64(4): 1058-1064
• Fogg, P., Boxall, A.B.A., Walker, A., Jukes, A. (2004) Leaching of pesticides from biobeds: effect of biobed depth and water loading. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52(20): 6217-6227
• Boxall, A.B.A., Fenner, K., Kolpin, D.W., Maund, S. (2004) When synthetic chemicals degrade in the environment. Environmental Science and Technology 38(19): 369A-375A.
• Blackwell, P.A., Holten-Lützhøft, H.C, MA, H-M, Halling Sørensen, B., Boxall, A.B.A., Kay, P. (2004) Fast and robust simultaneous determination of the veterinary antibiotics oxytetracycline, sulfachloropyridazine and tylosin in groundwater and surface water using solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Journal of Chromatography A 1045(1-2): 111-117.
• Boxall, A.B.A. (2004) Environmental risk assessment of antifouling biocides. Chim Oggi 22(6): 46-48.
• Fogg, P., Boxall, A.B.A. (2004) The effect of different soil types on the leaching potential and degradation of pesticides in biobed. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52(18): 5643-5652.
• Ramwell, C.T., Johnson, P., Boxall, A.B.A., Rimmer, D. (2004) Pesticide residues on the external surfaces of field crop sprayers: environmental impact. Pest Management Science. 60(8): 795-802.
• Kay, P., Blackwell, P.A., Boxall, A.B.A. (2004) Fate of veterinary antibiotics in a macroporous tile drained clay soils. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 23(5): 1136-1144.
• Fogg, P., Boxall, A.B.A., Walker, A., Jukes, A. (2004) Pesticide leaching potential and degradation in lined and unlined biobeds. Pest Management Science 60(7): 645-654.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Fogg, L.A., Kay, P., Blackwell, P.A., Pemberton, E.J., Croxford, A. (2004) Veterinary medicines in the environment. Reviews in Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 180: 1-91.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Kolpin, D., Halling Sørensen, B., Tolls, J. (2003) Are veterinary medicines causing environmental risks? Environmental Science and Technology. 37(15): 286A-294A.
• Fogg, P., Boxall, A.B.A., Walker, A. (2003) Degradation of pesticides in biobeds: effects of concentration and pesticide mixtures. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51(18): 5344-5349.
• Sinclair, C.J., Boxall, A.B.A. (2003) Assessing the Ecotoxicity of pesticide transformation products. Environmental Science and Technology. 37: 4617-4625
• Boxall, A.B.A., Fogg, L.A., Kay, P., Blackwell, P.A., Pemberton, E.J., Croxford, A. (2003) Prioritisation of veterinary medicines in the UK environment. Toxicology Letters 142: 399-409.
• Breton, R., Boxall, A. (2003) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: regulatory drivers and research needs. QSAR Comb. Sci. 22: 399-409.
• Fogg, P., Boxall, A.B.A., Walker, A., Jukes, A. (2003) Pesticide degradation in a biobed composting mix. Pest Management Science 59: 527-537.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Blackwell, P.A., Cavallo, R., Kay, P., Tolls, J. (2002) The sorption and transport of a sulphonamide antibiotic in soil systems. Toxicology Letters 131: 19-28.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Brown, C.D., Barrett, K. (2002) Higher tier aquatic toxicity testing for pesticides. Pest Management Science 58: 637-648.
• Comber, S.D.W., Franklin, G., Gardner, M.J., Watts, C.D., Boxall, A.B.A., Howcroft, J. (2002) Partitioning of marine antifoulants in the marine environment. Science of the Total Environment 286: 61-71.
• Comber, S.D.W., Gardner, M.J., Boxall, A.B.A. (2002) Survey of four marine antifoulant constituents (copper, zinc, diuron and irgarol 1051) in two UK estuaries. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 4: 417-425.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Comber, S.D., Conrad, A.U., Howcroft, J. & Zaman, N. (2000) Inputs, monitoring and fate modelling of antifouling biocides in UK Estuaries. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40(11): 898-905.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Oakes, D., Ripley, P. & Watts, C. (2000): The appication of predictive models in the environmental risk assessment of ECONOR. Chemosphere 40: 775-781.
• Boxall, A.B.A., Watts, C.D. & Ripley, P. (1997) The application of predictive models in the environmental risk assessment of ECONOR. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 20 (Suppl 1), 331.
• Boxall, A.B.A. & Maltby, L. (1997) The effects of motorway runoff on freshwater ecosystems: 3. toxicant confirmation. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 33, 9-16.
• Webber, M.D., Rogers, H.R., Watts, C.D., Boxall, A.B.A., Davis, R.D. & Scoffin, R. (1996) Monitoring and prioritisation of organic contaminants in sewage sludge using specific chemical analysis and predictive, non-analytical methods. Science of the Total Environment 185, 27-44.
• Boxall, A.B.A. AND Maltby, L. (1995) The characterization and toxicity of sediment contaminated with road runoff. Water Research 29(9), 2043-2050.
• Maltby, L., Forrow, D.M., Boxall, A.B.A., Calow, P. & Betton, C. (1995) The effects of motorway runoff on freshwater ecosystems: 1. Field study. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 14(6), 1079-1092.
• Maltby, L., Boxall, A.B.A., Forrow, D.M., Calow, P. & Betton, C. (1995) The effects of motorway runoff on freshwater ecosystems: 2. Identifying major toxicants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 14(6), 1093-1101.